skrf.calibration.calibration.NISTMultilineTRL

class skrf.calibration.calibration.NISTMultilineTRL(measured, Grefls, l, er_est=1, refl_offset=None, ref_plane=0, gamma_root_choice='estimate', k_method='multical', c0=None, z0_ref=50, z0_line=None, *args, **kwargs)

NIST Multiline TRL calibration.

Multiline TRL can use multiple lines to extend bandwidth and accuracy of the calibration. Different line measurements are combined in a way that minimizes the error in calibration.

At every frequency point there should be at least one line pair that has phase difference that is not 0 degrees or a multiple of 180 degrees otherwise calibration equations are singular and accuracy is very poor.

By default the reference impedance of the calibration is the characteristic impedance of the transmission lines. If the characteristic impedance is known reference impedance can be renormalized by giving z0_ref and z0_line. Alternatively if capacitance/length of the transmission line is given with c0 argument, characteristic impedance can be solved assuming that conductance/length is zero.

Algorithm is the one published in 0, but implementation is based on 1.

References

0

4. 3. DeGroot, J. A. Jargon and R. B. Marks, “Multiline TRL revealed,” 60th ARFTG Conference Digest, Fall 2002., Washington, DC, USA, 2002, pp. 131-155.

1

11. Yau “On the metrology of nanoscale Silicon transistors above 100 GHz” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elec. Eng. and Comp. Eng., University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 2011.

Attributes

T_matrices	Intermediate matrices used for embedding and de-embedding.
biased_error	Estimate of biased error for overdetermined calibration with multiple connections of each standard
caled_ntwk_sets	Returns a NetworkSet for each caled_ntwk, grouped by their names
caled_ntwks	List of the corrected calibration standards
coefs	Dictionary or error coefficients in form of numpy arrays
coefs_12term	Dictionary of error coefficients for 12-term Model
coefs_12term_ntwks	Dictionary or error coefficients in form of Network objects
coefs_3term	Dictionary of error coefficients for One-port Error model
coefs_3term_ntwks	Dictionary of error coefficients in form of Network objects
coefs_8term	Dictionary of error coefficients for 8-term (Error-box) Model
coefs_8term_ntwks	Dictionary of error coefficients in form of Network objects
coefs_ntwks	Dictionary of error coefficients in form of Network objects
er_eff	Effective permittivity of the solved line.
error_ntwk	The calculated error Network or Network[s]
family
frequency	Frequency object of the calibration
gamma	Propagation constant of the solved line.
measured_unisolated
measured_unterminated
normalized_directivity	the directivity normalized to the reflection tracking
nstandards	number of ideal/measurement pairs in calibration
nstd	Normalized standard deviation of the calibration error.
output_from_run	Returns any output from the run().
residual_ntwk_sets	Returns a NetworkSet for each residual_ntwk, grouped by their names
residual_ntwks	Dictionary of residual Networks
total_error	Estimate of total error for overdetermined calibration with multiple connections of each standard.This is the combined effects of both biased and un-biased errors
unbiased_error	Estimate of unbiased error for overdetermined calibration with multiple connections of each standard
verify_12term
verify_12term_ntwk
z0	Solved characteristic impedance of the transmission lines.

Methods

__init__	NISTMultilineTRL initializer
apply_cal	Apply correction to a Network
apply_cal_to_all_in_dir	Apply correction to all touchstone files in a given directory.
apply_cal_to_list	Apply correction to list of dict of Networks.
apply_cal_to_network_set	Apply correction to a NetworkSet.
embed
from_coefs	Creates a calibration from its error coefficients
from_coefs_ntwks	Creates a calibration from its error coefficients
load_calibration_archive
plot_caled_ntwks	Plot corrected calibration standards.
plot_errors	Plot biased, unbiased and total error in dB scaled.
plot_residuals	Plot residual networks.
pop	Remove and return tuple of (ideal, measured) at index.
remove_and_cal	Remove a cal standard and correct it, returning correct and ideal
renormalize	Renormalizes the calibration error boxes to a new reference impedance.
run	Runs the calibration algorithm.
save_calibration	save calibration as an archive containing the standards, parameters and calibration results
terminate	Terminate a network with switch terms
unterminate	Unterminates switch terms from a raw measurement.
update_coefs	update current dict of error coefficients
write	Write the Calibration to disk using write()